Network devices

Network devices - routers, switches

Routers, switches

Network devices are used to create, manage and optimize computer networks. These devices typically operate at different layers of the OSI model and perform different functions in the context of network communication. They can be smart routers that distribute data by MAC addresses (Media Access Control) or by setting an IP address (unique identifier), but also communicate with local devices. Other network devices only distribute (switch) data packets primarily on local area networks (Local Area Networks). The power supply of these devices is usually a weak current with a voltage of about 5 V, power supply through adapters or over the computer network through PoE power supply. Communication between the rest of the network or peripheral devices can be done by means of terrestrial or underground cables and by wireless radio or Wi-Fi signal.

Architecture is an integral part of every computer both in a professional office network and in every home. An extremely important component, especially with the development of technology and in particular, the smart light bulbs, sockets or electrical appliances that become part of the furnishings of every home. These devices work together to create a functional and efficient computer network that meets the needs of users and organizations.

The IP address (Internet Protocol Address) is a unique identifier that is assigned to any device (such as computers, printers, servers, etc.) on a computer network involved in communication over the Internet through the Internet Protocol (IP ). This address allows devices to be recognized and communicate with each other on the network.

these devices are basically:

 

• Router
• Switch
• Hub

these devices are basically:

by connection type:

 

• wired - The main function of network devices is communication between other devices in the network via IP address by means of UTP or FTP cables, with RJ45 connectors, depending on the need, the type of network and the necessary speed of data transfer.
• wireless - Basic network devices have one, two or three antennas. Depending on what range you want to cover with the device, you need to consider how many router antennas you need. Dual band gigabit routers the frequency of standard single band routers is only one and it is 2.4 GHz. Dual-band gigabit routers, unlike standard ones, transmit at two frequencies, respectively - 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz.

 

Here are some of the main network devices:

 

• Router: Connects different networks and determines the most efficient path for data transfer between them. It works on the third layer (Network Layer) of the OSI model.

 

By type and quality of work, routers are:

 

• Wireless routers (Wireless Routers): Enable wireless connection to the network using Wi-Fi standards. They are popular for home and office environments.
• Broadband Routers: Connect homes and offices to broadband Internet providers via DSL, cable, or other technologies.
• Compact Routers: Small, portable routers often used for travel or outdoor scenarios typically expose 4G/5G/LTE mobile networks.
• Industrial routers (Enterprise Routers): Designed for large organizations that require high performance and security in their network connections.
• Home Routers: Typically integrate a wireless Switch, DHCP functionality and security mechanisms.

• Switch: Connects devices on a local area network (LAN) and forwards data to specific devices based on their MAC addresses. It operates on the second (Data Link Layer) and/or third layer of the OSI model.
• Hub: A device that forwards data from one device to all others on the network. It works on the physical layer (Physical Layer) of the OSI model.