A photocell, also known as an optocell, is a type of electronic semiconductor device for converting light into electrical energy. Its action is based on a photovoltaic effect, most often on a p-n junction. The most widespread is the photocell made of a thin layer of selenium, on which is deposited a semiconductor to form a p-n junction or a metal electrode to create a blocking layer. Depending on the application and circumstances, silicon and germanium are also produced.
Photocells are widely used in electronics and are part of a number of electronic devices. They have spectral characteristics and properties similar to the human eye, which, together with various lenses and light filters, can be used to create a series of devices that control various electrical circuits based on the illumination of the room or object, in various measuring devices and instruments such as light meters, light meters, electronic roulettes and others. They are widely used in automation, radio and television, as well as in specialized technology.
With the development of technologies, in addition to standard small-sized photocells (photodiodes), which are used in measuring and technology and in automation, the creation of large-sized optoelements serving to convert solar energy into electrical energy and the creation of modern photovoltaic panels and systems for the production of electrical energy from the Sun.