Adapters are static devices that convert the voltage of the power supply grid 220VAC 50Hz. They are divided into two main groups, depending on the output voltage: AC/AC and AC/DC
Adapters of the AC/AC type are generally transformer adapters and do not alter the shape and frequency of the input voltage. They change only the value of the output voltage, which can be controlled in steps. The current consumption is determined by the power of the respective adapter.
Adapters of the AC/DC type are rectifiers which, according to the principle of operation, are divided into two main groups: linear and switching (key). The value of the output voltage can be stabilized (it isn’t dependent on the input voltage changes and the amendments of the consumed current and other disturbing factors in the performance of the adapter) and non-stabilized. The value of the output voltage can be controlled (gradually or by steps) or uncontrolled.
Adapters are widely used to power household appliances, telephones, cameras, laptops, players and many other devices.
According to current safety requirements there are thermal fuses incorporated in the primary side of various chargers, converters, adapters and low-power transformers. The heating temperature at which they protect the transformer is indicated on their casing. If this limit value is exceeded, the fuse disconnects the primary winding of the transformer and protects the device against fire.